Normalize formant frequencies using the log mean method outlined in Barreda and Nearey (2018). This approach is robust to unbalanced and missing data and is appropriate to use with formant contours. If you do not provide a vector of talkers, the data is assumed to be produced by a single talker.
normalize(aggregated_data, talker = NA)
| aggregated_data | A dataframe representing data aggregated by Fast Track. |
|---|---|
| talker | an optional vector indicating which talker produced each row in the data. |
Another dataframe with normalized formant frequencies.
Barreda, S., & Nearey, T. M. (2018). A regression approach to vowel normalization for missing and unbalanced data. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144(1), 500-520.
#> file f0 duration label group color number f11 f21 #> 1 m01ae 169.3 0.322 ae 1 Blue 1 -0.6015350 0.477717034 #> 2 m01ah 161.7 0.316 ah 2 Green 2 -0.4162679 0.076004275 #> 3 m01aw 177.2 0.330 aw 3 Magenta 3 -0.6104240 -0.194105262 #> 4 m01eh 173.5 0.264 eh 4 Black 4 -0.7006874 0.464090782 #> 5 m01ei 167.9 0.318 ei 5 Lime 5 -0.8961239 0.536127796 #> 6 m01er 175.8 0.322 er 6 Purple 6 -0.8496939 0.119967399 #> 7 m01ih 178.0 0.266 ih 7 Teal 7 -1.1805110 0.562721386 #> 8 m01iy 175.4 0.338 iy 8 Navy 8 -1.2684798 0.662124967 #> 9 m01oa 170.0 0.368 oe 9 Pink 9 -0.8440388 -0.216935038 #> 10 m01oo 170.5 0.254 oo 10 Maroon 10 -1.0407491 -0.184339560 #> 11 m01uh 172.6 0.290 uh 11 Olive 11 -0.6284425 -0.025617918 #> 12 m01uw 186.6 0.280 uw 12 Grey 12 -1.1964265 -0.289808061 #> 13 m02ae 102.4 0.250 ae 1 Blue 13 -0.6421727 0.427346674 #> 14 m02ah 102.8 0.248 ah 2 Green 14 -0.4224142 -0.007540187 #> 15 m02aw 105.7 0.288 aw 3 Magenta 15 -0.6765510 -0.317177038 #> 16 m02eh 104.9 0.166 eh 4 Black 16 -0.8272630 0.419939233 #> 17 m02ei 106.0 0.260 ei 5 Lime 17 -0.9851174 0.507348831 #> 18 m02er 110.1 0.296 er 6 Purple 18 -0.9700795 -0.081898754 #> 19 m02ih 111.6 0.182 ih 7 Teal 19 -1.1143291 0.485207706 #> 20 m02iy 108.0 0.234 iy 8 Navy 20 -1.3065518 0.610809734 #> 21 m02oa 104.3 0.260 oe 9 Pink 21 -0.8515860 -0.295222259 #> 22 m02oo 109.3 0.174 oo 10 Maroon 22 -1.1045251 -0.257924382 #> 23 m02uh 101.4 0.172 uh 11 Olive 23 -0.6148982 -0.172745227 #> 24 m02uw 112.1 0.256 uw 12 Grey 24 -1.2858716 -0.253749011 #> 25 m03ae 92.8 0.344 ae 1 Blue 25 -0.7088640 0.363124392 #> 26 m03ah 97.4 0.372 ah 2 Green 26 -0.5221733 -0.109468308 #> 27 m03aw 90.6 0.354 aw 3 Magenta 27 -0.6089370 -0.283349481 #> 28 m03eh 94.5 0.282 eh 4 Black 28 -0.8365481 0.375970143 #> 29 m03ei 89.8 0.352 ei 5 Lime 29 -1.0025851 0.520882146 #> 30 m03er 93.1 0.368 er 6 Purple 30 -0.9468962 -0.033108590 #> 31 m03ih 101.6 0.260 ih 7 Teal 31 -1.0522567 0.452334961 #> 32 m03iy 93.6 0.314 iy 8 Navy 32 -1.2180490 0.626050612 #> 33 m03oa 95.7 0.416 oe 9 Pink 33 -0.8384155 -0.306139398 #> 34 m03oo 94.8 0.274 oo 10 Maroon 34 -0.9344737 -0.154658108 #> 35 m03uh 97.1 0.296 uh 11 Olive 35 -0.6639126 -0.156546683 #> 36 m03uw 101.4 0.418 uw 12 Grey 36 -1.1167952 -0.205951403 #> 37 m04ae 126.4 0.312 ae 1 Blue 37 -0.6749625 0.438877201 #> 38 m04ah 128.1 0.302 ah 2 Green 38 -0.4224142 -0.056778334 #> 39 m04aw 131.9 0.346 aw 3 Magenta 39 -0.5582382 -0.236195643 #> 40 m04eh 130.8 0.228 eh 4 Black 40 -0.6299588 0.360309867 #> 41 m04ei 135.9 0.252 ei 5 Lime 41 -0.8649323 0.564101648 #> 42 m04er 133.0 0.330 er 6 Purple 42 -0.7697966 0.141946305 #> 43 m04ih 133.3 0.226 ih 7 Teal 43 -0.9262769 0.464090782 #> 44 m04iy 87.8 0.238 iy 8 Navy 44 -1.1857881 0.653753215 #> 45 m04oa 146.7 0.300 oe 9 Pink 45 -0.8882343 -0.346458409 #> 46 m04oo 135.8 0.210 oo 10 Maroon 46 -0.8515860 -0.126749320 #> 47 m04uh 132.6 0.210 uh 11 Olive 47 -0.6030110 -0.113987069 #> 48 m04uw 143.3 0.288 uw 12 Grey 48 -1.0592254 0.037831702 #> 49 m06ae 115.6 0.252 ae 1 Blue 49 -0.6314774 0.401176957 #> 50 m06ah 114.3 0.228 ah 2 Green 50 -0.3730958 0.020562827 #> 51 m06aw 118.1 0.248 aw 3 Magenta 51 -0.5782103 -0.216935038 #> 52 m06eh 118.8 0.176 eh 4 Black 52 -0.7945328 0.388652971 #> 53 m06ei 117.9 0.240 ei 5 Lime 53 -0.8882343 0.472691898 #> 54 m06er 121.0 0.216 er 6 Purple 54 -0.8726394 0.098227412 #> 55 m06ih 113.4 0.158 ih 7 Teal 55 -0.9981895 0.470169828 #> 56 m06iy 122.8 0.240 iy 8 Navy 56 -1.1417965 0.601109481 #> 57 m06oa 116.8 0.262 oe 9 Pink 57 -0.7576542 -0.140606355 #> 58 m06oo 118.3 0.146 oo 10 Maroon 58 -0.9637033 -0.091594731 #> 59 m06uh 117.0 0.168 uh 11 Olive 59 -0.6670573 -0.062784358 #> 60 m06uw 123.1 0.230 uw 12 Grey 60 -1.1118691 -0.134115836 #> 61 m07ae 94.4 0.252 ae 1 Blue 61 -0.6877422 0.463582523 #> 62 m07ah 97.0 0.264 ah 2 Green 62 -0.4847357 0.084210215 #> 63 m07aw 96.2 0.290 aw 3 Magenta 63 -0.6360471 -0.240298213 #> 64 m07eh 105.4 0.196 eh 4 Black 64 -0.7456575 0.450276288 #> 65 m07ei 101.4 0.280 ei 5 Lime 65 -0.8017142 0.553005834 #> 66 m07er 96.4 0.272 er 6 Purple 66 -0.8272630 0.018978040 #> 67 m07ih 106.5 0.190 ih 7 Teal 67 -1.0875961 0.579160112 #> 68 m07iy 97.7 0.258 iy 8 Navy 68 -1.2207849 0.648696314 #> 69 m07oa 94.7 0.266 oe 9 Pink 69 -0.7439553 -0.014896166 #> 70 m07oo 91.8 0.196 oo 10 Maroon 70 -0.9938131 -0.065369452 #> 71 m07uh 93.3 0.184 uh 11 Olive 71 -0.6254167 -0.038133726 #> 72 m07uw 112.7 0.230 uw 12 Grey 72 -1.2262795 -0.144334225 #> f31 f12 f22 f32 f13 f23 #> 1 0.7695259 -0.6178922 0.483215673 0.7699002 -0.6074522 0.471179419 #> 2 0.7661507 -0.4125982 0.081234022 0.7758704 -0.3849023 0.070747035 #> 3 0.6997572 -0.5610671 -0.180459826 0.7192371 -0.5400432 -0.154658108 #> 4 0.7710224 -0.6893512 0.454902356 0.7706485 -0.6623440 0.417280364 #> 5 0.7873371 -0.9262769 0.553005834 0.7994009 -0.9679496 0.586829899 #> 6 0.4476970 -0.8843127 0.116376731 0.3995523 -0.9040762 0.120683988 #> 7 0.8023037 -1.1778829 0.551144502 0.7902751 -1.0828114 0.522321340 #> 8 0.8596835 -1.2684798 0.670427215 0.8375449 -1.2742435 0.668772271 #> 9 0.7156875 -0.8745755 -0.224999598 0.7235584 -0.9020822 -0.245450208 #> 10 0.7021630 -0.9531658 -0.193124389 0.7168721 -0.9000921 -0.147139276 #> 11 0.7262987 -0.6208953 -0.004288151 0.7223817 -0.6239073 0.039386912 #> 12 0.6708405 -1.2071793 -0.299574823 0.6733168 -1.2180490 -0.307237696 #> 13 0.6745526 -0.6514320 0.412476512 0.7097433 -0.6421727 0.408724162 #> 14 0.8008533 -0.4860489 -0.044873432 0.7932044 -0.4768926 -0.015716847 #> 15 0.7356373 -0.6893512 -0.316067775 0.7506289 -0.6925770 -0.295222259 #> 16 0.6794808 -0.8309667 0.407649471 0.6737289 -0.7981171 0.375415050 #> 17 0.6997572 -1.0522567 0.518478876 0.7479546 -1.0972347 0.546943796 #> 18 0.2038077 -1.0407491 -0.047412578 0.1845059 -1.0685931 -0.006726186 #> 19 0.7329225 -1.0924038 0.470169828 0.6912911 -1.0638983 0.432079789 #> 20 0.9103779 -1.3155473 0.605971369 0.8986015 -1.3368571 0.612125235 #> 21 0.6969431 -0.9000921 -0.305042305 0.7125217 -1.0226080 -0.337357095 #> 22 0.5886260 -1.0638983 -0.215931526 0.5984475 -1.0407491 -0.150891626 #> 23 0.7684021 -0.6391052 -0.149013691 0.7650231 -0.6421727 -0.102280496 #> 24 0.5332869 -1.3035711 -0.273739156 0.5228006 -1.3035711 -0.277999013 #> 25 0.7196307 -0.7006874 0.365931018 0.7387309 -0.6813319 0.365931018 #> 26 0.7792130 -0.5046171 -0.069692848 0.7784712 -0.4847357 -0.029772473 #> 27 0.8156204 -0.6254167 -0.243386224 0.8149051 -0.6254167 -0.189210490 #> 28 0.6708405 -0.8071342 0.334037654 0.6592028 -0.7785609 0.316524071 #> 29 0.7414299 -1.0181237 0.534234752 0.7498655 -1.0615591 0.562721386 #> 30 0.2914780 -0.9658242 -0.010802832 0.2774918 -0.9872843 -0.003476792 #> 31 0.7313679 -1.0972347 0.432079789 0.7164774 -1.0780495 0.411405848 #> 32 0.8347428 -1.1937563 0.629501867 0.8364950 -1.1937563 0.629071111 #> 33 0.6925050 -0.9000921 -0.333965345 0.6937173 -0.9637033 -0.340760388 #> 34 0.7025634 -0.9510716 -0.156546683 0.6880470 -0.9448150 -0.134115836 #> 35 0.7180553 -0.6861358 -0.123086313 0.7344747 -0.6845319 -0.113081682 #> 36 0.6495409 -1.1342303 -0.206944945 0.6440382 -1.1545356 -0.211927516 #> 37 0.6989540 -0.6193926 0.416747741 0.6981501 -0.5400432 0.329978501 #> 38 0.7156875 -0.4089419 -0.011620160 0.7360245 -0.4236480 -0.005100169 #> 39 0.7880724 -0.5767704 -0.220959188 0.7888072 -0.5317558 -0.155601950 #> 40 0.7109350 -0.5610671 0.286028435 0.7125217 -0.5667489 0.291478039 #> 41 0.8949753 -0.9365334 0.609053036 0.9249060 -1.0615591 0.635084875 #> 42 1.0019857 -0.8272630 0.155182305 0.9894445 -0.8765154 0.170973914 #> 43 0.7464232 -0.8765154 0.404957680 0.7395028 -0.8440388 0.354089887 #> 44 1.0286305 -1.1910932 0.640636885 1.0239969 -1.2153204 0.638078249 #> 45 0.7081522 -0.9658242 -0.362587791 0.6896704 -1.0226080 -0.369580827 #> 46 0.7077541 -0.8162335 -0.069692848 0.6985522 -0.7963233 0.058625674 #> 47 0.7657750 -0.5386572 -0.038973709 0.7695259 -0.5331323 0.038609609 #> 48 0.6520704 -1.0948163 0.014208556 0.6541735 -1.1094151 -0.078396124 #> 49 0.7286415 -0.6406377 0.402258623 0.7180553 -0.6269285 0.386458784 #> 50 0.7305897 -0.3730958 0.010216535 0.7406595 -0.3707511 0.021354279 #> 51 0.7521539 -0.5442127 -0.203967275 0.7736358 -0.5483998 -0.206944945 #> 52 0.7464232 -0.7945328 0.377079405 0.7356373 -0.7874027 0.372078005 #> 53 0.7498655 -0.9573675 0.496585518 0.7498655 -0.9807977 0.517515949 #> 54 0.4011770 -0.9262769 0.081234022 0.3831585 -0.9510716 0.083466997 #> 55 0.7721432 -0.9959989 0.452848967 0.7623871 -0.9938131 0.439918867 #> 56 0.7784712 -1.1317209 0.625618367 0.8037519 -1.1443314 0.633370344 #> 57 0.6729045 -0.8125839 -0.196069899 0.6766090 -0.9262769 -0.233129724 #> 58 0.6864210 -0.9700795 -0.097814209 0.6937173 -0.9743530 -0.087175811 #> 59 0.7544370 -0.6845319 -0.051658869 0.7521539 -0.7187651 -0.054215325 #> 60 0.6359410 -1.1622576 -0.207939475 0.6389319 -1.2071793 -0.262117261 #> 61 0.7676522 -0.7287652 0.467641382 0.7290315 -0.6861358 0.435222798 #> 62 0.6687723 -0.4860489 0.076753059 0.6675293 -0.4926409 0.092349364 #> 63 0.6633747 -0.6329983 -0.224999598 0.6749642 -0.6074522 -0.165089687 #> 64 0.8252273 -0.7542118 0.428400415 0.7736358 -0.7803230 0.419408025 #> 65 0.8368451 -0.9262769 0.575530344 0.7758704 -1.0384634 0.607293247 #> 66 0.3070565 -0.9658242 -0.020655129 0.2651688 -1.0003849 -0.120347835 #> 67 0.8528177 -1.0522567 0.537545231 0.8098836 -0.9637033 0.504424853 #> 68 0.9357445 -1.1831461 0.648273749 0.9520970 -1.1805110 0.661708040 #> 69 0.6786611 -0.8804065 -0.150891626 0.6921005 -0.9829552 -0.213927517 #> 70 0.6908862 -0.9916321 -0.019830387 0.6819358 -0.9894558 0.029234541 #> 71 0.7262987 -0.6623440 -0.056778334 0.7471892 -0.6990600 0.034714006 #> 72 0.6419138 -1.2800406 -0.204958847 0.6465817 -1.2829518 -0.205951403 #> f33 f14 f24 f34 f15 f25 f35 #> 1 0.7657750 -0.5724632 0.380952162 0.7601220 -0.7204249 0.37096318 0.7891744 #> 2 0.7570940 -0.4004621 0.103342513 0.7464232 -0.6733764 0.33750386 0.7702744 #> 3 0.7212036 -0.5126817 -0.016538203 0.7129179 -0.7645746 0.30883855 0.7247337 #> 4 0.7713961 -0.6781421 0.401717936 0.7713961 -0.8534817 0.40333912 0.8019413 #> 5 0.8023037 -1.1519747 0.620851294 0.8116799 -1.2401493 0.63636885 0.8209690 #> 6 0.3820559 -0.9468962 0.140542796 0.3754150 -1.1192674 0.25331956 0.4564396 #> 7 0.7773574 -0.9573675 0.451820690 0.7747537 -1.0615591 0.43574567 0.7975824 #> 8 0.8287621 -1.2656104 0.676608978 0.8213245 -1.2262795 0.67249205 0.8368451 #> 9 0.7231663 -0.9448150 -0.272677021 0.7180553 -1.2180490 -0.15560195 0.7101407 #> 10 0.7133140 -0.8862716 0.102613384 0.6945248 -0.9552644 0.32881571 0.7317568 #> 11 0.7223817 -0.6437099 0.134908979 0.7239503 -0.8591906 0.34325431 0.7699002 #> 12 0.6925050 -1.1964265 -0.266327793 0.6753757 -1.1622576 -0.05251030 0.6414883 #> 13 0.7029636 -0.6437099 0.372078005 0.6896704 -0.6941938 0.35579009 0.6860141 #> 14 0.7986739 -0.4652419 0.002990490 0.8051980 -0.4966171 0.08569500 0.7646469 #> 15 0.7601220 -0.6702119 -0.279066819 0.7555766 -0.6829306 -0.06278436 0.6989540 #> 16 0.6786611 -0.7838566 0.353522511 0.6749642 -0.8534817 0.34210686 0.6839770 #> 17 0.7695259 -1.1468727 0.579612908 0.7840216 -1.2713575 0.57598479 0.7747537 #> 18 0.1824878 -1.0804276 0.048667721 0.2031483 -1.1392681 0.13420251 0.2564514 #> 19 0.6716666 -1.0453363 0.396294929 0.6675293 -1.0476378 0.35465694 0.6691863 #> 20 0.8900092 -1.3185639 0.598891694 0.8830150 -1.3125398 0.58907457 0.8661626 #> 21 0.7113319 -1.0828114 -0.335094650 0.6495409 -1.1242302 -0.23619564 0.5953330 #> 22 0.5944413 -1.0271125 -0.061064667 0.6099318 -1.0407491 0.11781455 0.5737105 #> 23 0.7593659 -0.6592141 -0.014076158 0.7429690 -0.8089475 0.14684313 0.6957347 #> 24 0.5328126 -1.2858716 -0.221967761 0.5337609 -1.2771379 -0.09425549 0.5049128 #> 25 0.7559562 -0.6498828 0.352954813 0.7758704 -0.6797358 0.31475572 0.7494837 #> 26 0.7888072 -0.4939645 -0.015716847 0.7732628 -0.5456065 0.06014890 0.7033637 #> 27 0.8051980 -0.6269285 -0.159386250 0.7953958 -0.6514320 -0.02478907 0.6794808 #> 28 0.6704272 -0.7732931 0.287848271 0.6835691 -0.8107640 0.28237880 0.7196307 #> 29 0.7536765 -1.1443314 0.565939039 0.7448895 -1.1831461 0.57825390 0.7270802 #> 30 0.2744253 -1.0092150 0.007813650 0.2738108 -1.0361829 0.12211563 0.3141656 #> 31 0.7160825 -1.0545742 0.389200766 0.7156875 -1.0685931 0.35238679 0.7212036 #> 32 0.8241644 -1.2098857 0.613876549 0.7953958 -1.2044802 0.59844755 0.7468063 #> 33 0.6916959 -1.0384634 -0.337357095 0.7021630 -1.0924038 -0.25897096 0.6949282 #> 34 0.6945248 -0.9406656 -0.072295887 0.6786611 -0.9807977 0.15794665 0.6807090 #> 35 0.7471892 -0.7121535 -0.064507011 0.7329225 -0.7820882 0.12211563 0.7160825 #> 36 0.6495409 -1.1726473 -0.202976686 0.6342280 -1.1857881 -0.11308168 0.6103708 #> 37 0.6843847 -0.4781955 0.240057608 0.6953315 -0.5497993 0.27258080 0.7329225 #> 38 0.7445057 -0.4174942 0.075254931 0.7270802 -0.5099863 0.20775506 0.7033637 #> 39 0.7788422 -0.5099863 -0.023133445 0.7540568 -0.6452496 0.20182814 0.7957606 #> 40 0.7487194 -0.6284425 0.231117574 0.7669017 -0.7663123 0.25394672 0.7869693 #> 41 0.9245854 -1.0924038 0.680299776 0.9492859 -1.0804276 0.64700498 0.9136246 #> 42 0.9993115 -0.9365334 0.180465510 0.9990140 -1.0361829 0.25957349 0.9452113 #> 43 0.7321455 -0.8384155 0.304675592 0.7532961 -0.8534817 0.31475572 0.7884399 #> 44 1.0090822 -1.2125994 0.649540909 1.0143716 -1.1726473 0.60773348 0.9567649 #> 45 0.6835691 -1.0407491 -0.404087522 0.6491187 -1.0453363 -0.29305306 0.6299324 #> 46 0.7029636 -0.7945328 0.157256277 0.7282514 -0.8745755 0.23495881 0.7873371 #> 47 0.7483371 -0.5883480 0.151021411 0.7743812 -0.7838566 0.25957349 0.7740086 #> 48 0.6499629 -1.1069671 -0.117616837 0.6376512 -1.1292177 -0.04826039 0.6444626 #> 49 0.7069573 -0.5782103 0.340958097 0.7105379 -0.6498828 0.29026958 0.7278612 #> 50 0.7425844 -0.4028776 0.044038083 0.7395028 -0.5059567 0.22468254 0.7333108 #> 51 0.7795837 -0.5345106 -0.195087098 0.7758704 -0.6193926 0.02844930 0.7321455 #> 52 0.7364116 -0.7999140 0.367611220 0.7391169 -0.9181468 0.37207801 0.7563356 #> 53 0.7510104 -1.0226080 0.543664337 0.7570940 -1.1884371 0.52805749 0.7736358 #> 54 0.3552237 -0.9743530 0.110604709 0.3642480 -0.9786449 0.20380768 0.4044185 #> 55 0.7578519 -1.0047902 0.425763978 0.7627641 -1.0181237 0.42047016 0.7699002 #> 56 0.7972183 -1.1571030 0.647004982 0.7935700 -1.1726473 0.61212523 0.7961252 #> 57 0.6720794 -0.9851174 -0.314959742 0.6770197 -1.0025851 -0.18921049 0.6604562 #> 58 0.6949282 -0.9743530 0.008615253 0.6957347 -0.9872843 0.22597287 0.7093458 #> 59 0.7555766 -0.7663123 0.096027191 0.7601220 -0.9324182 0.26081960 0.7582306 #> 60 0.6478510 -1.2180490 -0.286573557 0.6444626 -1.1964265 -0.22804065 0.6448868 #> 61 0.7360245 -0.6284425 0.363124392 0.7239503 -0.7715433 0.36928860 0.7529155 #> 62 0.6807090 -0.5046171 0.173015425 0.7021630 -0.6299588 0.29689811 0.7429690 #> 63 0.6679438 -0.5912635 0.155874107 0.7045630 -0.7645746 0.30467559 0.7968541 #> 64 0.7728898 -0.8180633 0.420470160 0.8066421 -0.9060742 0.39629493 0.7968541 #> 65 0.8080840 -1.1118691 0.657110331 0.9002454 -1.0972347 0.62041679 0.8658226 #> 66 0.2044667 -1.0158891 -0.111273363 0.2253279 -1.0875961 0.09676114 0.3004952 #> 67 0.8277030 -0.9080762 0.444592986 0.8658226 -1.0136594 0.39738189 0.8177633 #> 68 0.9688002 -1.2262795 0.653332782 0.9229811 -1.1964265 0.63935839 0.9120026 #> 69 0.6921005 -1.1020891 -0.236195643 0.7081522 -1.1494205 -0.03394436 0.6550135 #> 70 0.6908862 -0.9894558 0.177085987 0.6929093 -1.0615591 0.36368635 0.7313679 #> 71 0.7517729 -0.7963233 0.177085987 0.7375719 -0.9365334 0.28663541 0.7635176 #> 72 0.6482737 -1.2800406 -0.203967275 0.6346565 -1.2429465 -0.04741258 0.6238875